PoojasVitthalAshadhi Ekadashi
The Varkari Movement: A Path of Devotion, Equality, and Bhakti to Lord Vitthal
Discover the Varkari Movement, a profound Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra dedicated to Lord Vitthal, emphasizing equality, devotion, and the pilgrimage to Pandharpur.
By Sanatan Hindu AI4 min readUpdated 18 October 2026Audio available
Affiliate disclosure: Sanatan Hindu participates in the Amazon Associates Programme and the CueLinks affiliate network (Myntra & Flipkart). This page contains affiliate links, if you click and buy, we earn a small commission at no extra cost to you. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Full disclosure.
Introduction
The Varkari movement is one of the most significant and enduring socio-religious reform movements within the Hindu tradition, specifically centered in the state of Maharashtra. It is a tradition deeply rooted in 'Bhakti' (devotion), emphasizing a direct, personal relationship between the devotee and the Divine, specifically Lord Vitthal (a form of Vishnu/Krishna) of Pandharpur. Unlike many rigid religious structures, the Varkari Sampradaya emerged as a powerful force for social egalitarianism, breaking down the barriers of caste, gender, and social status through the medium of soulful songs, poetry, and communal worship.
Historically, the movement gained immense momentum between the 13th and 17th centuries through the contributions of various saint-poets (Sant) who lived lives of simplicity and profound spiritual wisdom. These saints, such as Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Namdev, Sant Eknath, and Sant Tukaram, used the vernacular language of the people—Marathi—rather than Sanskrit, to disseminate spiritual truths. This democratization of knowledge allowed even the most marginalized members of society to experience the ecstasy of devotion. The movement is not merely a religious sect but a way of life, characterized by the 'Wari'—the annual pilgrimage to the holy shrine of Vitthal in Pandharpur.
The theological core of the Varkari movement is 'Nirguna Bhakti' integrated with 'Saguna Upasana'. While the devotees worship the physical idol of Vitthal, they also recognize the formless, omnipresent Divine residing within every living being. This philosophy promotes the idea that God is not distant or unreachable but resides in the heart of every creature, making every human being inherently sacred. This perspective served as a spiritual revolution against the prevailing social hierarchies of the time.
At the heart of this tradition is the concept of 'Satsang' (company of the truth) and 'Kirtan' (devotional singing). Through the chanting of names, the singing of Abhangas (devotional poetry), and the collective experience of the Wari pilgrimage, Varkaris seek to transcend the ego and achieve 'Moksha' (liberation) through the grace of Vitthal. The movement remains a vibrant, living tradition today, continuing to unite millions of devotees in a rhythmic cycle of devotion, music, and communal harmony.
Historically, the movement gained immense momentum between the 13th and 17th centuries through the contributions of various saint-poets (Sant) who lived lives of simplicity and profound spiritual wisdom. These saints, such as Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Namdev, Sant Eknath, and Sant Tukaram, used the vernacular language of the people—Marathi—rather than Sanskrit, to disseminate spiritual truths. This democratization of knowledge allowed even the most marginalized members of society to experience the ecstasy of devotion. The movement is not merely a religious sect but a way of life, characterized by the 'Wari'—the annual pilgrimage to the holy shrine of Vitthal in Pandharpur.
The theological core of the Varkari movement is 'Nirguna Bhakti' integrated with 'Saguna Upasana'. While the devotees worship the physical idol of Vitthal, they also recognize the formless, omnipresent Divine residing within every living being. This philosophy promotes the idea that God is not distant or unreachable but resides in the heart of every creature, making every human being inherently sacred. This perspective served as a spiritual revolution against the prevailing social hierarchies of the time.
At the heart of this tradition is the concept of 'Satsang' (company of the truth) and 'Kirtan' (devotional singing). Through the chanting of names, the singing of Abhangas (devotional poetry), and the collective experience of the Wari pilgrimage, Varkaris seek to transcend the ego and achieve 'Moksha' (liberation) through the grace of Vitthal. The movement remains a vibrant, living tradition today, continuing to unite millions of devotees in a rhythmic cycle of devotion, music, and communal harmony.
Significance
The significance of the Varkari movement is multifaceted, spanning spiritual, social, and cultural dimensions. Spiritually, it offers a path of 'Bhakti Yoga' that is accessible to everyone, regardless of their intellectual capacity or social standing. The focus is on 'Nama-Smarana' (repetition of the Divine name), which is considered a potent means to purify the mind and soul. By emphasizing that God is within, it shifts the focus from external rituals to internal transformation, fostering a sense of profound peace and equanimity.
Socially, the Varkari movement was a revolutionary force in Indian history. By teaching that all souls are equal in the eyes of Vitthal, the saints challenged the oppressive caste system and advocated for social justice. The movement's inclusive nature allowed women and individuals from 'untouchable' communities to participate in spiritual discourses and leadership roles, which was unheard of in many other contemporary traditions. This social cohesion remains a hallmark of the movement, as Varkaris from all walks of life walk side-by-side during the pilgrimage.
Culturally, the movement has enriched the Marathi language and literature immensely. The 'Abhangas' composed by saints like Tukaram and Namdev are not just religious texts but literary masterpieces that capture the nuances of human emotion, philosophy, and daily life. These compositions are sung in households, temples, and during processions, serving as a continuous link between the past and the present. The music of the Varkari tradition, characterized by the use of instruments like the Veena, Taal (cymbals), and Mridangam, is a unique cultural heritage of Maharashtra.
Furthermore, the 'Wari' pilgrimage itself holds immense symbolic significance. It represents the soul's journey toward the Divine. The physical act of walking hundreds of kilometers, facing heat and rain, serves as a metaphor for the spiritual discipline and perseverance required on the path of life. The destination, Pandharpur, acts as a spiritual magnet, bringing together a collective consciousness of devotion that transcends individual identities, reinforcing the concept of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (the world is one family).
Socially, the Varkari movement was a revolutionary force in Indian history. By teaching that all souls are equal in the eyes of Vitthal, the saints challenged the oppressive caste system and advocated for social justice. The movement's inclusive nature allowed women and individuals from 'untouchable' communities to participate in spiritual discourses and leadership roles, which was unheard of in many other contemporary traditions. This social cohesion remains a hallmark of the movement, as Varkaris from all walks of life walk side-by-side during the pilgrimage.
Culturally, the movement has enriched the Marathi language and literature immensely. The 'Abhangas' composed by saints like Tukaram and Namdev are not just religious texts but literary masterpieces that capture the nuances of human emotion, philosophy, and daily life. These compositions are sung in households, temples, and during processions, serving as a continuous link between the past and the present. The music of the Varkari tradition, characterized by the use of instruments like the Veena, Taal (cymbals), and Mridangam, is a unique cultural heritage of Maharashtra.
Furthermore, the 'Wari' pilgrimage itself holds immense symbolic significance. It represents the soul's journey toward the Divine. The physical act of walking hundreds of kilometers, facing heat and rain, serves as a metaphor for the spiritual discipline and perseverance required on the path of life. The destination, Pandharpur, acts as a spiritual magnet, bringing together a collective consciousness of devotion that transcends individual identities, reinforcing the concept of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (the world is one family).
Auspicious Time
The most significant time is during the Ashadhi Ekadashi (usually in June/July) and Kartiki Ekadashi (usually in November) when the major Wari pilgrimages culminate in Pandharpur.
Find your exact auspicious time Check the shubh muhurat and choghadiya for your city and date.
Required Samagri (Materials)
✦Vitthal-Rukmini Idol or Image
✦Tulsi (Holy Basil) leaves
✦Incense sticks (Agarbatti)
✦Oil lamp (Diya) and Ghee
✦Flowers (preferably yellow or orange)
✦Naivedya (Prasad/Food offering)
✦Abhangas/Bhajans books
✦Cymbals (Taal) for singing
Preparation Steps
- 1Clean the puja space and ensure a peaceful environment.
- 2Take a ritual bath and wear clean clothes (traditionally white).
- 3Prepare the Tulsi plant, as it is highly sacred to Vitthal devotees.
- 4Gather all necessary ingredients for the offering and lighting the lamp.
- 5Meditate briefly on the form of Lord Vitthal and Mother Rukmini.
Steps
- 1Place the Vitthal-Rukmini idol on a clean pedestal (Chaurang).
- 2Light the Diya with Ghee and incense to create a sacred atmosphere.
- 3Offer fresh flowers and Tulsi leaves to the deity, as Vitthal loves Tulsi.
- 4Recite or sing Abhangas (devotional poems) with deep emotion and devotion.
- 5Perform the Aarti of Lord Vitthal using a camphor or ghee lamp.
- 6Offer Naivedya (fruits, sweets, or simple cooked food) to the deity.
- 7Conclude with a prayer for spiritual growth and the welfare of all living beings.
- 8Distribute the Prasad among family members or community.
Mantras
Vitthal Mukhya Mantra
॥ पंडा घरी उभा विठ्ठल ॥
Panda ghari ubha Vitthal
Meaning: Vitthal stands upon a brick (waiting for his devotee).
Vitthal Nama Smarana
॥ विठ्ठल विठ्ठल विठ्ठल ॥
Vitthal Vitthal Vitthal
Meaning: Chanting the name of Lord Vitthal repeatedly.
Do's
- ✓Sing Abhangas and Bhajans with genuine feeling.
- ✓Respect all living beings, seeing the Divine within them.
- ✓Participate in or support the Wari pilgrimage.
- ✓Keep the Tulsi plant well-maintained and worship it daily.
Don'ts
- ✗Do not engage in egoistic or prideful behavior.
- ✗Avoid criticizing others or engaging in sectarian debates.
- ✗Do not view devotion as a transaction; it should be selfless.
- ✗Avoid neglecting the social aspects of the movement (helping others).
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- •Focusing solely on external rituals while neglecting internal devotion.
- •Treating the pilgrimage as a mere physical journey rather than a spiritual one.
- •Believing that one must be of a certain caste to approach Vitthal.
- •Ignoring the teachings of the Saint-poets in favor of personal ego.
Regional Variations
- •Primarily centered in Maharashtra, but has followers across India.
- •In some households, the emphasis is more on 'Nirguna' (formless) meditation, while others focus on 'Saguna' (form) worship of the idol.
- •The style of Kirtan (narrative singing) can vary between different Sampradayas.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is the primary deity of the Varkari movement?▾
What is the 'Wari'?▾
The Wari is the annual pilgrimage taken by Varkaris to Pandharpur, especially during the Ashadhi and Kartiki Ekadashi, involving walking long distances in communal devotion.
Who are the most famous saints of this movement?▾
Key saints include Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Namdev, Sant Eknath, Sant Tukaram, and Sant Chokhamela.
Popular Tools
Free KundliGenerate your Janam KundliGun MilanKundli matching for marriageAaj Ka RashifalDaily horoscope for all rashisShubh MuhuratFind auspicious timingsHindu CalendarPanchang, tithi & festivalsGreeting MakerCreate festival wishes imagesRitual GuidesPoojas, vrats & festival guidesSacred TemplesDarshan, timings & history
References & Traditional Notes
- •The teachings are primarily found in the Dnyaneshwari, Tukaram Gatha, and Eknathi Bhagavata.
- •The movement emphasizes 'Bhakti' over 'Jnana' (knowledge) or 'Karma' (ritual action) as the easiest path to God in Kali Yuga.
- •The use of the 'Taal' (cymbals) and 'Veena' is traditional and considered a way to connect rhythmically with the Divine.
Related Audio & Bhajans
Sunderkand Path - Complete Recitation
stotraAjay Mundhra31:40
Durga Saptshati Path
otherArgala Stotram
Durga Saptashati Path
otherRajendra Rangila
Vāṇī Of The Day 2018 12 29 Odia Eng, Maharaj Priyavrata, Svayambhuva Manu’s Desire, Lord Brahmā, Sun God Vivasvān Instructed To Vaivasvata Manu Instructed To Ikṣvāku, Patni Nivesi Putra Pāse Athavā Chalibo Sannyāse
other
Story Prahlad Holika Symbol Victory Lord Vishnu story|mythology|festival
otherYouTube
Open on YouTube →Why Apply Chandan Sandalwood Tilak Lord Ganesha, Goddess Mahalakshmi pooja
otherYouTube
Open on YouTube →Affiliate disclosure: Sanatan Hindu participates in the Amazon Associates Programme and the CueLinks affiliate network (Myntra & Flipkart). This page contains affiliate links, if you click and buy, we earn a small commission at no extra cost to you. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Full disclosure.
Shop Samagri on Amazon.in
Vitthal-Rukmini Idol or ImageTulsi (Holy Basil) leavesIncense sticks (Agarbatti)Oil lamp (Diya) and GheeFlowers (preferably yellow or orange)Naivedya (Prasad/Food offering)Abhangas/Bhajans booksCymbals (Taal) for singing
Clicking opens Amazon.in. Prices and availability may vary.
Browse all pooja itemsAmazon Associates tag: geekydevelope-21
Shop Pooja & Festive Essentials on Flipkart
Diyas & LightsHome MandirBrass IdolsPooja ThaliRangoli ColoursToran & DecorGift HampersReligious Books
Clicking opens Flipkart via our affiliate link. Prices and availability may vary.
Shop on FlipkartCueLinks Publisher: 300371
Shop Festive Wear on Myntra
SareesLehenga CholiKurta Sets (Women)Kurta-Pajama (Men)SherwaniMangalsutraTemple JewelleryKids Festive Wear
Clicking opens Myntra via our affiliate link. Prices and availability may vary.
CueLinks Publisher: 300371
AI website builder
Need a website? Describe it, and AI builds it.
Perfect for a temple, pooja service, astrology practice or small shop. Tell the AI what you want — or drag and drop the classic way — and go live on your own web address in minutes with Sitova. Hosting, SEO, forms and analytics are all included.
- Build with AI or drag & drop
- Your domain + SEO built in
- Free forever plan
Build your website
Opens sitova.site
Varkari MovementLord VitthalPandharpur WariSant TukaramSant Dnyaneshwar